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Analysis of UV Resistance of Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6)
1. Basic Characteristics
Inherent Weakness: The amide bonds (-CONH-) in the polyamide 6 molecule are sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Prolonged exposure to sunlight will absorb light energy, leading to molecular chain breakage.
Visual Manifestation: Untreated polyamide 6, after outdoor use, will gradually yellow and become brittle (similar to the state of a plastic chair after prolonged sun exposure).
2. UV Damage Process
| Exposure Period | Visible Symptoms | Functional Consequences |
|---|---|---|
| Initial (3-6 months) | Surface yellowing, slight powdering | Faded appearance, loss of surface gloss |
| Mid-Term (1-2 years) | Crack formation, reduced flexibility | Load-bearing parts fracture (e.g. outdoor clips) |
| Long-Term (>2 years) | Over 50% strength loss | Structural failure (e.g. gear teeth shearing) |
3. Industrial Solutions
Adding UV Protectants: Incorporate carbon black (most economical, but only for black products) or organic stabilizers (such as benzotriazoles, suitable for light-colored parts).
Surface Coating: Apply UV protective paint (e.g., car door handles), sacrificing aesthetics for weather resistance.
Modification and Upgrade: Use glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6+GF30), the fiber skeleton slows down crack propagation.
4. User Response Strategies
| Application Scenario | Recommended Solution | Critical Avoidance |
|---|---|---|
| Outdoor Equipment Housings | Carbon-black filled PA6 (>95% light blocking) | Avoid unmodified light-colored PA6 (cracks in 1 year) |
| Automotive Engine Bay Parts | UV stabilizers + 30% glass fiber reinforcement | Never use virgin PA6 (heat + UV accelerates failure) |
| Garden Tool Handles | Surface-coated with UV-protective paint | Reapply coating every 2 years to maintain protection |
5. Simple Self-Inspection Methods
Visual Inspection: Material yellowing or white powdery spots → UV damage has occurred.
Bending Test: Take a thin sample sheet (approximately 2mm thick) and repeatedly bend it to 180 degrees → Unmodified polyamide 6 outdoor parts usually break brittlely.
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